3. Peša‘ Peša‘ occurs some 135 times in the OT. It signifies deliberate, premeditated, willful violation of a norm or standard. It also denotes a refusal to submit to rightful authority. It differs from ḥaṭṭā’ṯ in that the act is not inadvertent, but a deliberate revolt, rebellion, or transgression. The word is used to refer to a breach of contract, a willful break of an arrangement (1 Kings 12:19; 2 Kings 1:1; 8:20, 22). The element of “willfulness” and “revolt,” carried into theological